Biomarkers for Cancer: What have been for biomakers?

1. Jones HB (1848) On a new substance occuring in the urine with mollities ossium. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 138: 55–62
1848, light chain of immunoglobulin in the urine, identified in 75% of patients with myeloma;

1960s
2. Abelev GI et al. (1963) Production of embryonal alpha-globulin by transplantable mouse hepatomas.
Transplantation 1: 174–180
alfa-fetoprotein

3. Gold P and Freedman SO (1965) Specific carcinoembryonic antigens of the human digestive system. J Exp Med 122: 467–481
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

1980s
4. Bast RC Jr et al. (1981) Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Invest 68: 1331–1337
carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125 for ovarian epithelial cancer.

5. Papsidero LD et al. (1980) A prostate antigen in sera of prostatic cancer patients. Cancer Res 40: 2428–2432
prostate-specific antigen (PSA [KLK3]) for prostate cancer

6. Diamandis EP et al. (2002) Tumor Markers: Physiology, Pathobiology, Technology, and Clinical Applications. Washington, DC: AACC Press
Alfa-fetoprotein Germ-cell hepatoma 1963
- Diagnosis
- Differential diagnosis of NSGCT (nonseminomatous germ cell tumor)
- Staging
- Detecting recurrence
- Monitoring therapy

7.
Melvin KE et al. (1971) Early diagnosis of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland by means of calcitonin assay. N Engl J Med 285: 1115–1120
Sturgeon C (2002) Practice guidelines for tumor marker use in the clinic. Clin Chem 48: 1151–1159

Calcitonin Medullary thyroid carcinoma
- Diagnosis
- Monitoring therapy

8.
Bast RC Jr et al. (1981) Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Invest 68: 1331–1337
Diamandis EP et al. (2002) Tumor Markers: Physiology,Pathobiology, Technology, and Clinical Applications. Washington, DC: AACC Press
CA125 Ovarian 1981
- Prognosis
- Detecting recurrence
- Monitoring therapy

9.
Bast RC Jr et al. (2001) 2000 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in breast and colorectal cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 19: 1865–1878
Kufe D et al. (1984) Differential reactivity of a novel monoclonal antibody (DF3) with human malignant versus benign breast tumors. Hybridoma 3: 223–232
Hilkens J et al. (1984) Monoclonal antibodies against human milk-fat globule membranes detecting differentiation antigens of the mammary gland and its tumors. Int J Cancer 34: 197–206
CA 15-3 Breast
1984–5
- Monitoring therapy

10.
Koprowski H et al. (1979) Colorectal carcinoma antigens detected by hybridoma antibodies. Somatic Cell Genet 5: 957–971
Ludwig JA and Weinstein JN (2005) Biomarkers in cancer staging, prognosis and treatment selection. Nat Rev Cancer 5: 845–856
CA 19-9 Pancreatic 1979
- Monitoring therapy

11.
Ludwig JA and Weinstein JN (2005) Biomarkers in cancer staging, prognosis and treatment selection. Nat Rev Cancer 5: 845–856
Bast RC Jr et al. (2001) 2000 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in breast and colorectal cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 19: 1865–1878
Diamandis EP et al. (2002) Tumor Markers: Physiology, Pathobiology, Technology, and Clinical Applications. Washington, DC: AACC Press
Carcinoembryonic antigen Colon 1965
- Monitoring therapy
- Prognosis
- Detecting recurrence
- Screening for hepatic metastases

12.
Bast RC Jr et al. (2001) 2000 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in breast and colorectal cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 19: 1865–1878
McGuire WL et al. (1977) Current status of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. Cancer 39:2934–2947
ER (estrogen receptor) and PgR (progesterone receptor) Breast
1970s
- Select patients for endocrine therapy

13.
Bast RC Jr et al. (2001) 2000 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in breast and colorectal
cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 19: 1865–1878
Coussens L et al. (1985) Tyrosine kinase receptor with extensive homology to EGF receptor shares chromosomal location with neu oncogene. Science 230: 1132–1139
Yamamoto T et al. (1986) Similarity of protein encoded by the human c-erb-B-2 gene to epidermal growth factor receptor. Nature 319: 230–234
HER2 Breast1985–6
- Select patients for trastuzumab therapy

14.
Bagshawe KD et al. (1980) Markers in gynaecological cancer. Arch Gynecol 229: 303–310
Diamandis EP et al. (2002) Tumor Markers: Physiology, Pathobiology, Technology, and Clinical Applications. Washington, DC: AACC Press
Human chorionic gonadotropin-β Testicular 1938
- Diagnosis
- Staging
- Detecting recurrence
- Monitoring therapy

15.
Diamandis EP et al. (2002) Tumor Markers: Physiology, Pathobiology, Technology, and Clinical Applications. Washington, DC: AACC Press
Hill BR and Levi C (1954) Elevation of a serum component in neoplastic disease. Cancer Res 14: 513–515
Lactate dehydrogenase Germ cell 195491
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis
- Detecting recurrence
- Monitoring therapy

16.
Diamandis EP et al. (2002) Tumor Markers: Physiology, Pathobiology, Technology, and Clinical Applications. Washington, DC: AACC Press
Wang MC et al. (1979) Purification of a human prostate specific antigen. Invest Urol 17: 159–163
Prostate-specific antigen Prostate 197992
- Screening (with DRE (digital rectal examination) )
- Diagnosis (with DRE)

17.
Carayanniotis G and Rao VP (1977) Searching for pathogenic epitopes in thyroglobulin: parameters and caveats. Immunol Today 18: 83–88
Sturgeon C (2002) Practice guidelines for tumor marker use in the clinic. Clin Chem 48: 1151–1159
Thyroglobulin Thyroid 195693
- Monitoring